In English, attributive clause can be divided into restrictive and non-restrictive, following antecedent. These two kinds of attributive clause are different in form: there are no comma between restrictive attributive clause and antecedent; while non-restrictive attributive clause is separate with antecedent with a comma.

Another difference is: restrictive attributive clause is close related with antecedent, while non-restrictive attributive clause is not that close with antecedent in meaning.

As a result, restrictive attributive clause is always translated into pre-modifier in Chinese; non-restrictive attributive clause is often translated into postposition coordinate clause, to describe or illustrate the antecedent.

Examples of restrictive attributive clause:

It is estimated that over 3,000 companies (including non-technology companies) which have completed initial public offerings of stock in the United States over the past two decades have received venture capital at some point in their development.

据估计，过去 20 年中在美国完成首次公开发售股票的 3,000 多家公司（包括非技术公司）在其发展的某个阶段，曾获得过风险资本。

Any Proprietary Information obtained by the CJV or a Party or its affiliates may be disclosed only to the designated employees of the CJV or that Party and its affiliates whose duties so require for the implementation of this Contract.

合作经营企业或一方或其关联公司获得的任何专有信息，只能披露给为执行本合同其职责需要其知悉该等信息的合作经营企业或该方及其关联公司的指定雇员。

In instances where such control does not otherwise exist by virtue of the venture capitalist’s equity ownership or Board representation, control over certain corporate actions is often obtained through contractual agreement between the venture capitalist and the company.

在因为股份所有权不多或在董事会里的代表人数不足而无法进行控制的情况下，风险资本家往往通过与公司签订的合约，获得对公司某些行动的控制权。

Read Also: The Sequence in Translation

Examples of non-restrictive attributive clause:

No matter it is lead by relative pronoun or relative adverb, non-restrictive attributive clause is always translated into coordinate clause, to give more information.

Neither Party hereto shall assign this Agreement or any of its rights and interests hereunder without the other Party’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意（该另一方不得无理拒绝同意），不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和权益。

Many aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about “selling” their man.

许多想成为该党总统候选人的人，聘请顶级公共关系和宣传专家，由他们撰写别出心裁的宣传口号，“推销”他们为之效力的候选人。

It is estimated that a majority of the funding currently committed to venture capitalist entities has been provided by public or private pension funds, which are allocating increasing percentages of investment funds to “alternative investments” such as venture capital.

据估计，目前投入风险资本实体的资金，大部分是由公共或私人养老基金提供的，这些基金正在将投资资金中越来越多的部分拨给诸如风险资本那样的“非传统投资”。

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